Abstract
Ceramics has been extensively employed in the field of impact mechanics for designing strong targets against the impact of projectiles due to their low density and high hardness. To investigate the ballistic performance of ceramic–metal targets, numerous analytical equations have been proposed. One of these equations is provided by Florence. The current study investigates the improvement of the Florence’s analytical equation for ceramic–metal targets and also explores the development of this equation for ceramic–polyuria–metal targets. The improved model includes a correction on the conical crack half-angle, a correction on the ceramic cone large base radius, and the effective mass of the ceramic. Also, an improved model has established for ceramic–aluminum–polyurea targets based on the strain energy and fracture strain of the ceramic–polyuria–metal layers. To validate the results of the improved Florence equation, experimental and analytical results obtained by other researchers are employed and the development Florence equation is validated by comparing the analytical results and numerical results obtained from the simulations. The results of the improved and development Florence equation are in a reasonable agreement with the experimental and analytical data obtained by other researchers as well as the numerical simulations of the current study